根据《大纲》要求，考生应具备一般性英语书面表达能力，能够根据所给的提纲、情景或图表等按要求写出相应的短文。所写短文要求主题明确、条理清楚、语言比较规范。本部分采用提纲、情景或图表作文等考试形式。考生应按要求写出一篇不少于150单词的英语短文。本部分满分15分，考试时间30分钟。
写作题材
本考试的短文写作题材一般都与日常生活、科普或政经常识有关，所给的写作题目都具有较强的可写性；考生应能够根据所给的提纲、情景或图表等写出适当的议论文、说明文、文字或图表描述文。
同等学力英语写作命题趋势
2001：Directions: For this part, you are to write a composition of 120~150 words on the following topic:
The Greatest Invention in the Past Century.
In your composition, you should clearly state your opinion and give reasons to support your argument. Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.
2002：Directions: In this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on The Increase in the Number of Chinese Traveling Abroad.
Study the following chart carefully and base your composition on the information given in the chart.
1、State the changes in the number of Chinese traveling abroad in the past three years.
2、Give possible reasons for the changes.
2003：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words under the title ”What will money bring us, fortune or misfortune?”
Your composition should be based on the following story given in Chinese. Give at least two reasons to support your choice.
2004：Directions: Read the story in Chinese below, and then write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of "The Goal of Life". Your composition should be based on the story and the following outline:
目标
在英国有一位残疾青年，他双腿走起路来很困难，却凭着坚强的信念和毅力创造了一次又一次的壮举：他19岁时登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰；21岁时登上了阿尔卑斯山；22岁时登上了乞力马扎罗山。28岁前他登上了世界上所有著名的高山。然而，就在28岁这一年他自杀了。原来在他11岁时，他父母在攀登乞力马扎罗山时不幸遭遇雪崩双双遇难。他的父母在临行前给他留下了遗嘱，希望他能像父母一样，登上世界上所有著名的高山。这位残疾青年把父母的遗嘱作为他人生奋斗的目标，当实现全部目标的时候，他感到前所未有的无奈和绝望。他留下遗言：“如今，功成命就的我感到无事可做了，我没有了新的目标……”
1、What have you learned from the story?
2、What is the goal of your life? If you have achieved the goal of your life, what would you do?
2005：Topic: Whether college students should be allowed to get married?
Outline:
1、Choose either of the two positions: College students (not) be allowed to get married.
2、State your reasons for or against the issue.
3、Conclusion.
2006：College Graduates as Village Officials
2007：Who and How to Take Care of seniors?
2008：Self-confidence is the key to success (You could follow the clues suggested by the picture given below.)
2009：My opinion about Blog
2010：英国史学家卡莱尔经过多年的伏案，写成了《法国大革命史》的全部文稿。那时候没有电脑，一切都得用手来完成，而且难得有“备份”。卡莱尔写完后的第一件事，就是将它交给最信任的好友米尔去完善。然而就在第二天，手稿被米尔家的女佣当作废纸丢进了火炉！而且，更糟糕的是，为了保持书房的整洁，卡莱尔每写完一章，随手把原来的笔记、草稿撕碎。可以想见卡莱尔当时的心情，但他很快就平静下来，反而安慰伤心的米尔：“没关系，就当我作文交给老师批阅，老师说4这篇不行，重写一次吧，你可以写得更好！”卡莱尔再起炉灶，重写这部巨著。如今人们读到的《法国大革命史》，就是他的第二稿。这一稿的质量，无论在文字上还是内涵上，都达到了卡莱尔写作的巅峰。
1、What do you think about the story? 2、What do you learn from it?
2011：
Directions: In this part, you are to write within 30 minutes a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of “how to Handle Stress”. The clues given below are for your reference only, NOT the outline you should follow. Please remember to writeyour composition clearly on the COMPOSITION SHEET.
1、Common sources of stress.
2、Healthy ways to reduce stress.
3、How you have overcome stressful situations.
2012：Directions: In this part, you are to write within 30 minutes a composition of less than 150 words under the title of “my Favorite Way of keeping Fit”, some clues are given below in Chinese. Please write your composition clearly on the COMPOSITION SHEET.
保持健康有多种做法……我最喜欢的做法是……
2013：Directions：Write a composition of at least 150 words about the topic: The possibility of using the mobile phone to study English (or any other subject). You should write according to the outline given below.
1、我认为手机（不）可以用来学习英语或其他知识；2、理由是……；3、结论。
2014：Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic: A Way to Success. Read the following article in Chinese, then write according to the outline given below. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.
大学毕业时，小刘决定不找工作。他默默地从事起了网络翻译工作。当时几乎没有人看好他，大家认为，大学刚毕业，最好找一个好单位，学点本领、积累点经验，然后才能有好出路。5年过去了，虽然我们很多人毕业时都信誓旦旦地说，一旦在单位里学到本领，积累够经验，就出去打拼一番属于自己的事业，但大多数人在单位这个避风港里，已经失去了面对大风浪和新环境的勇气，辞职创业逐渐成了空谈。可小刘已经开了公司，成为了一名成功的企业主。在一次同学会上，小刘说出了他的―秘密。他说，―成功往往取决于你敢不敢往人少的地方走，这可能会有风险，但因为没人或很少有人走过，留给你的可能是硕果累累。走别人开辟的老路，虽然看起来很安全，但因为走的人太多，财务与资源大多已被人占有。即使幸运地发现了一小部分，也必然会被蜂拥而至的人群争抢与瓜分。
1、根据以上文章写一篇读后感；2、你如何看待小刘的成功之道；3、关于成功你有什么经验和建议？
2015：Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic: How can we contribute to the environmental protection? You should write according to the outline given below. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.
环境保护已成为我们的共同的责任。你认为我们该怎样做才能降低能耗，节省资源，保护地球环境?请举例说明。
1、题材为议论文
近年来，同等学力英语作文一直都以议论文为主要命题题材，题目主题广泛，主要是社会热点问题，如博客（2009），信心 （2008）、养老（2007）、职业发展（2006）、旅游黄金周（2000）、人生励志与职业追求（2001）、财富观（2002）等。
2、图表、看图作文是另一种主要形式
图表作文要求对图表进行分析，总结图表数据所反映的现象，分析形成这一现象的原因，并做趋势的预测。2002财富观、2008信心。
3、读后感。
即给出了大家一个故事，然后让大家根据这个故事写文章。
2010：
1、What do you think about the story?
2、What do you learn from it?
2004：
1、What have you learned from the story?
2、What is the goal of your life? If you have achieved the goal of your life, what would you do?
写作注意事项
1、合理安排时间：（1）读题和审题；（2）构思及草拟提纲；（3）全文写作；（4）检查。
2、认真审题；3、构思及草拟提纲；4、稳步展开思路，慎选句型；5、检查。
英语写作问题
1、不会审题，偏离主题 （紧张）：无审题和构思的概念，有的担心时间不够，有的则是无从下笔，结果：文不对题；时间已不够。
2、用汉语思维，逐字翻译。
3、用词搭配不当；词汇量不够；拼写错误。
5、句子逻辑关系混乱：部分考生因受汉语结构的影响，对句子中主谓语及状语之间的位置安排不当，造成逻辑混乱。
6、不会运用关联词转承上下句子和段落：关联词即过渡词，可以使上下句子和段落合理衔接、承上启下，并使表达合乎逻辑、结构严谨、文章紧凑。
例如：
People learn English to use it. Some learn it to study or work abroad. Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.
采用适当关联词，可改进为：People learn English for practical purposes：some learn it to study or work abroad，while others learn it to read or communicate in English.
7、语法错误
（1）主谓一致：名次单复数，主语与谓语时态、语态的一致。
（2）谓语动词：分不清及物动词与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise；hear和listen等。被动语态与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested；speaking和spoken等。（3）主从复合句的使用。
8、不进行认真检查。
段落主题句
段落主题句要清楚、明确
Computer is very important.对比：The computer plays an educational role in our daily life.
Big cities have traffic problems.对比：Traffic problems in big cities are serious, which can be found in several ways.
发展句
写作方法：（1）排列顺序；（2）分类；（3）比较和对照。
发展句的衔接和过渡
连接词连接：
表示举例：for example, for instance, as a case in point, in the case of, as an illustration, such as, like, that is, say, as, take…as an example;
表示比较：similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, the same…as, like, both, equally important, in the meantime, meanwhile, compared with;
表示原因：because; as; since; for; owning to; due to; as a result of; on account of；
表示对照：on the contrary; on the other hand; by contrast; unlike; whereas; rather than; conversely; instead; the opposite is true; in contrast; in comparison;
表示转折：although; though; nevertheless; however; but; admittedly; it is true…but; in spite of; even though; yet; rather; while/although; despite;
表示结果：thus; so; hence; consequently; therefore; accordingly; for this reason; as a consequence; therefore; as a result; generally speaking;
表示强调：chiefly; especially; indeed; in fact; certainly; particularly; to be sure; actually; above all; most important; worse; as a matter of fact; no doubt;
表示顺承：and; also; furthermore; likewise; in addition (to); moreover; first; second; third etc.;
表示递进：first; second; in the first place; in the second place; next; also; besides; furthermore; moreover; in addition; what is more; for one thing; for another; not only…but also;
表示结论：in conclusion; in short; on the whole; finally; lastly; to sum up; to conclude; in any event; in brief; in summary; in a word.
写作技巧
1、根据文章大意判断作文题型。
2、各种题型的写作方法。
现象解释型：基本方法为：描述现象→分析原因→对现象做出预测或如何促进（限制）这种现象的进一步发展。
对比选择型：基本方法为：阐述一种观点或态度并表明这种观点或态度正确的理由;阐述第二种（相对或相反的）观点或态度并说明这种观点或态度正确的理由；表明个人支持或反对以上观点或态度，并说明原因。
问题解决型：基本方法为：提出问题→分析问题→解决问题。
观点论证型：基本方法为：分析主题→得出结论→举例论证→得出结论（证明观点的正确性）。
提纲式作文
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Advertising according to the following outline (given in Chinese). Your composition should be no less than 150 words. Remember to write your composition on the composition Sheet clearly and neatly.
1、广告的坏处；2、广告的好处；3、你的看法。
Advertising
The harmful effects of advertising are obvious. It is quite easy to find reasons for attacking advertising. Firstly, it tends to be extremely costly and this cost must eventually be paid by the consumers. Secondly, it uses up valuable human resources. The advertising profession occupies many of the best brains in any country. In addition, from the social standpoint, advertising promotes image over substance and a standardization of taste.
However, there are also a number of persuasive arguments advanced in defense of advertising. In the first place, it had a valuable informative function, helping potential customers know about the characteristics, and prices of products or where they can buy a particular product cheaply. Then, by stimulating demand for successful products, adverting creates jobs in the manufacturing and service sectors.
If I must choose between living in a society with typical advertising or without advertising, personally, I prefer the former because advertising on the whole is good in spite of its deficiencies and problems. In my opinion, there is no need for us to give up eating for fear of choking.
命题式作文
Directions: For this part, you’re given 30 minutes to write a composition according to the title given below. Your writing should be less than 150 words and remember to write in readable handwriting on the Composition Sheet.
Mobile Phones
Mobile phones, a product of modern electronics, are gaining increasing popularity among people in China. Several reasons account for the popularity of the mobile phones. Firstly, mobile phones are portable. People can carry them everywhere with great ease. Secondly, mobile phones can convey information with great speed.
On the other hand, mobile phones also have some disadvantages. Some people complain that mobile phones give unpleasant noise on some wrong occasions, like during a meeting, in an exam, or late at night. Moreover, the electromagnetic wave emitted from the phone is said to be harmful and does often cause headaches to the owner. Finally, people have to go to work sometimes because with the mobile phone the boss can reach them easily during their free time. This cuts into people’s spare time.
In my opinion, mobile phones, despite their disadvantages, are to stay in people’s lives in the near future. They have changed the way we communicate with each other and made our life more convenient.
图表题
三图一表--柱状图（Bar Graph）、线形图（Line Graph）、饼状图（Pie Graph）、表格（Table）。
图表题文章写作逻辑结构
Paragraph I:
（1）描述图表：趋势描写；
（2）描述图表：必要数据支持（细节性）。
Paragraph II:
（1）提出自己理由和观点；
（2）细节性分论点（支持自己观点）。
Paragraph III:
（1）预测未来和提出解决方法；
（2）总结全文和表达作者自己观点。
图表作文
Directions：For the part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 130 words on Changes in people’s Diet.
Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:
1、State the changes in people’s diet in the past five years.
2、Give possible reasons for the changes
3、Draw your own conclusions
You should quote as few figure as possible.
图表作文套路
第一段：As is clearly shown in the above table/graph (As can be seen from the above table.)…dropped from…in 1996 to…in 2000. According to the figures given in the table,…has greatly increased/decreased in the past years, reaching…in 2000. From the table we can also see that there has been a sharp decline/rise in…
第二段：There are several possible reasons for …In the first place,…Let’s have an example to illustrate the great increase in…Second,….Finally,…There may be some other factors responsible for…But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.
第三段：As far as I am concerned, my ideas are as follows,…I am fully convinced that my opinion is both sound and well grounded.
表示数量增加，减少的句型
The consumption of milk rose dramatically from 1985 to 1990.
The profit increased significantly from May to June.The number of private cars went up sharply from 2000 to 2002.
The amount of computers soared in the past five years.
The use of solar energy climbed steadily between 1998 and 2001.
There was a jump in the profit of sales in the past two years.
There was a gradual increase in the amount of meat consumption between 1996 and 2000.
There was a slow reduction of…
From the circle, we can see that space heating takes up the most energy consumption, it accounts for 48% of the total amount of energy. The second largest portion of energy (18%) is used for lighting, cooking, and running appliances. This is followed by water heating which expend 14% of the total. Refrigeration almost ranks the same as water heating, which is 13% of the whole amount of energy use. Among these energy consumption items, space cooling comes up to be the lowest, 7% of the whole.
This circle shows that the largest portion of energy is spent on space heating. This puts us into deep thinking.
If we can find ways other than the present regular energy sources to supply family need for energy, then we can save up the traditional energy sources such as a coal, electricity, wood, etc. Solar energy might be a good answer to this problem. Therefore, more efforts should be made and more money should be spent on the research in this area. More people should be encouraged and supported to work on this issue. Maybe someday they can really enable us to enjoy the comforts of solar energy.
Changes in People’s Diet in China
| 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | |
| Grain | 49% | 47% | 46.5% | 45% | 45% |
| Milk | 10% | 11% | 11% | 12% | 13% |
| Meat | 17% | 20% | 22.5% | 23% | 21% |
| Fruit and vegetables | 24% | 22% | 20% | 20% | 21% |
| Total | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
What has caused the great changes in people’s diet? The main reason probably lies in the gradual increase of people’s income owing to the quick development of the country’s economy. Nowadays people can afford to purchase more expensive and more nutritious food. Another possible reason is that people are paying more attention to the food structure. They realize a better structure of food can help them stay healthy. Therefore, the old habits of eating a lot of grain and vegetables are abandoned by people.
In conclusion, in the past five years, people’s standard of living has been rising significantly and now people are enjoying a much better life than ever before.
情景式作文
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Cloning----a Blessing or a Curse? You must base your composition on the following instructions. (Given in English)
It goes without saying that Clone technology is a wonder in modern science. However, different people take different attitude as to its application.
Your composition should be no less than 120 words. Remember to write it neatly.
Cloning ---- a Blessing or a Curse
The term Clone is no longer new to us. It refers to the nonsexual reproduction of a single plant or animal from any cell, and with exactly the same form as the parent.
It goes without saying that Clone technology is a wonder in science. However, different people take different attitude as to its application. Many people are excited about the success of Clone technology.
They think human beings can benefit a lot from it, as it offers the possibilities for human beings to breed excellent varieties of plants and animals by making use of the best gene. There are some other people who hold quite different opinions about this technique. They think that if abused, it will bring about a disaster. For example, if Clone technique is carried out on human beings, it will lead to moral, social as well as legal confusion. Moreover, we can’t yet predict what disaster it will bring about.
Therefore, it is safe to say that the Clone technique itself is innocent, but once it is put to unwise use, its destructive power will be uncontrollable. So it is important that we apply the clone technology properly and make it benefit human beings.
利弊分析型套路
Nowadays, ________(所要讨论的主题）plays an important part in people’s life. Like everything else, ________ (所要讨论的主题)has both advantages and disadvantages(favorable and unfavorable aspects). Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.
First, ________ (第一个好处）Furthermore, ________ (第二个好处). Most important of all, ________ (第三个好处）
But every coin has two sides. The unfavorable aspects are also apparent. To begin with, ________ (第一个坏处）To make matters worse, ________ (第二个坏处)Worst of all, ________ (第三个坏处)
From the above analysis, I believe that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Therefore, ________ (结论）
Owning Private Cars
Nowadays, private cars play an important part in people’s life. Like everything else, owing a private car has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.
Firstly, it is convenient to go out with a private car. Furthermore, having a private car, people can also live in the country without worrying about the poor traffic system. Most important of all, the increase of private cars will promote the development of automobile industry and then benefit domestic economy.
But every coin has two sides. The unfavorable aspects are also apparent. To begin with, the more private cars moving in the street， the more energy they will consume while crude oil on earth is limited. To make matters worse, too many private cars will burden the traffic system and then cause traffic jams. Worst of all, too many private cars will do harm to environment around us. The gas they let off will pollute the air and the noise they make will make us nervous.
From the above analysis, I believe that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. Therefore, if we want to encourage people to purchase private cars, we shall create some new technology to improve private cars and relieve negative aspects first.
利弊分析型变体
Is Money All Powerful
Money is considered by some people to the most important thing in life. They think that the majority of the material things in our daily life have to be bought with money and that they have money, they can make themselves very comfortable by having a fine house to live in, beautiful clothes to wear and delicious food to eat.
But others don’t believe that money can buy everything. Take time and health for example. Many people regret having lost their time, and no matter how much money they pay, they could not make a day longer 24 hours or call back the lost time. If someone gets some fatal disease, he can use a lot of money to stay in a luxurious hospital, but nothing can bring back his good health. Money, moreover, can be the source of some evils. Some people are greedy for money and in order to get it, they even commit robbery or murder.
Therefore, we should take a correct attitude to money: it is necessary in our life but not all powerful.
问题解决型/方法途径型套路
________ (目前的现象及存在的问题）Many ways can contribute to ________ (要解决的问题），but the following ones may be most effective.
One of these is that ________ (第一种方法）Another approach is ________ (第二种方法）Furthermore, ________ (第三种方法)
In conclusion, these are not the only three points you should pay attention to. But it should be noted that ________.
How to Lose Weight
With the improvement of people’s living condition, people can enjoy nice food, but nice food has made a lot of fat people. Some people decide to lose weight. Many ways can contribute to lose weight, but the following ones may be most effective.
One of these is to take medicine to be slim quickly. But some of these medicines are harmful to our health. Another approach is to set a limit to high calorie food and eat more fruit. In doing so, we can reduce the fat but meanwhile, we may also hurt the stomach and the bowel. So this is not a perfect way, either. The third one is to do physical exercises every day.
In conclusion, these are not the only three ways to lose weight. However, it should be noted that the best way to lose weight is to do physical exercises every day. Only in this way can we not only lose weight but also improve our health.
说明原因型套路
________(目前讨论的现象)There are many reasons for ________ (所要讨论的主题)but in general they come down to three major ones.
For one thing, ________ (第一个原因）For another, ________ (第二个原因)Perhaps the prime reason is that ________ (第三个原因) ________.
From the foregoing, _________________________________. (结论)
My Ideal Career
Since my childhood, I have been anxious to become an office-practice lawyer. And this is still my dream. There are several factors responsible for my choice. In general, they can come down to three major ones.
For one thing, I greatly admire the role of lawyers in TV plays of Hong Kong. From my point of view, they are very powerful, decisive, and responsible. And I am also eager to be such a person. For another, a lawyer usually has an abundance of income. That will give me a comfortable living condition. The prime factor is that I hope to be a white-collared clerk in a foreign-funded enterprise. Maybe, that hope is related to my personality. I am an extrovert girl and like to argue what is right and what is wrong.
From the forgoing, I make great efforts to realize my ideal-being an office-practice lawyer. In university, I try to learn the knowledge inside the books as much as possible. In my spare time, I take part in practice to enrich my knowledge outside the books.
议论文套路
Recently, the problem of …… has aroused public concern. Different people have different opinions. Some people believe that…But others hold that… As to me, I am on the first/second side of the argument. The reasons are as follows.
First, ________ (第一个理由）Second, ________ (第二个理由)Finally, ________ (第三个理由)
Therefore, based on the above discussion, it is not difficult to conclude why I ________ (结论）
Live on or off Campus
Recently, the problem of living on or off campus has aroused public concern. Different people have different opinions. Some people like to live off campus because of its freedom and comfort while others prefer to living on because of its convenience and low cost. As to me, I will choose to live on the campus. The reasons for this can be listed as follows.
Firstly, no one can deny the fact that it is far cheaper to live on the campus. After all, we are students without income. To rent a room off campus will cost my parents more money. Secondly, only when I live on the campus can I make full use of the facilities in school, such as the library, dining halls, computer rooms, etc. Finally, I can take advantage of this opportunity to learn how to deal with others. Maybe, the experience of that will have a good effect on my future life.
Therefore, based on the above discussion, it is not difficult to conclude why I prefer to live on the campus.
驳论套路
________(目前的现象)There has been a heated argument about whether ________ (争论的焦点)Some people are for it. They think that ________ (支持者的观点)But others are against it. They think that ________ (反对者的观点)As to me, I am in favor of the first/second opinion.
Certainly, ________(对方观点的合理性)but it cannot be said that ________ (反驳的理由)
There are many examples that can prove it. Here I just list some typical ones.
First, ________ (第一个例子)As another instance, ________ (第二个例子)As still another instance, ________ (第三个例子)
To sum up, ________ (结论)
My View on Students’ Taking Part-time Jobs
Now more and more university students take part-time jobs in their spare time. There has been a heated argument about whether university students should take them. Different people have different opinions. Some people are for it. They think that part-time jobs can enrich students’ experience. But others are against it. They think that part-time jobs will affect students’ study. As to me, I am in favor of the first opinion.
Certainly, part-time jobs may affect students’ study, but it cannot be said that they are not beneficial to students. There are many examples that can prove it. Here I just list some typical ones.
First, taking a part-time job can help a student pay the tuition. It is very profitable to some poor students. As another instance, it can increase a student’s working experience. It is useful to his future work. As still another instance, a students can study how to deal with the human relationships.
To sum up, the experience of taking part-time job is beneficial to a university student.
1997年1月
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Haste Makes Waste. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.
1、为什么“欲速则不达”？2、举例说明。
谚语格言题文章逻辑结构：
Paragraph I:
（1）点明要阐释的谚语或名言(general)；
（2）用自己的话解释这一谚语或名言的意思，有时有正反两面的逻辑(specific)。
Paragraph II:
（1）作者对该谚语或名言的观点态度，即文章的论点句；
（2）支持性的细节分论点，举例子论证（至少两点，有时有正反两面的逻辑）；
（3）本段总结（可以省略）。
Paragraph III:
总结全文，定下结论（通常为阐明其现实或更深远意义）。
Example:
An English proverb says, / one of the great men once remarked, “Haste Makes Waste”. / Nearly every civilization has its own equivalent to the proverb: … It means that…… In other words, …
History/Our society abounds with the examples of “Haste Makes Waste”. …….On the other hand/On the contrary, …
For us college students, the saying/proverb has a profound and realistic significance: …….
Haste Makes Waste
By “Haste makes waste” is meant that one should do everything step by step. Even simple operations can easily be spoiled if we rush to complete them, neglecting important stages in the process. One should make full preparations before beginning a task. (注：spoilt=spoiled 被毁坏；Spare the rod, spoil the child. 棍棒出孝子)
Take English study for example. Without a good command of pronunciation, we can never hope to speak in an understandable way. Similarly, if we do not learn to spell properly and to acquire a basic grasp of grammar, we will never succeed in writing good composition.
In short, laying a solid foundation is essential if we want to make achievements in our studies or work, or indeed in any other aspect of our lives. At every step, review what has been achieved and assess the problems ahead before moving to the next step. And remember, Rome was not built in a day.
注：laying a solid foundation 打下坚实的基础
Practice Makes Perfect
There is an old saying in China: practice makes perfect. Practice is means and perfect is goal. Only when you do more practice can you make things perfect. This is true not only in our learning but also in other walks of life.
When we study English, we have so much to learn such as grammar, vocabulary and so on. In order to learn them well, we need do more practice. We must read a lot, write a lot and listen to a lot. Only after we have done more practice can we have a good command of it.
Another case in point is typing. A good typist can type fast and accurately. But you will not be surprised at her performance if you know how much time she has spent practicing. Through practice, she has improved both her typing speed and accuracy to be.
It goes without saying that practice makes perfect. Since all of us have realized the importance of practice, why not put it into practice?
结尾句
In short, in general, in one word, etc….
考试作文模板
说明原因型模板
模块（一）
Nowadays, there are more and more XX in some big cities. It is estimated that (1).
Why have there been so many XX? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.
The first one is that (2). Besides, (3). The third reason is (4). To sum up, the main cause of XX is due to (5).
It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, (6). On the other hand, (7). All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX.
注释：（1）用具体数据说明XX现象；（2）原因一；（3）原因二；（4）原因三；（5）指出主要原因；（6）解决建议一；（7）解决建议二。
Generation gap between parents and children
Nowadays, there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and children which is so-called generation gap. It is estimated that (75 percentages of parents often complain their children's unreasonable behavior while children usually think their parents too old fashioned).
Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is that (the two generations, having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes, thus the disagreement often rises between them).
Besides (due to having little in common to talk about, they are not willing to sit face to face). The third reason is (with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster, both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don't spare enough time to exchange ideas ).To sum up, the main cause of XX is due to (lake of communication and understanding each other).
It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing (children should respect their parents). On the other hand, (parents also should show solicitude for their children). All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap.
模块（2）
In recent years, xx has caused a heated debate on (1).
The factors for (2).First of all, (3). Then, there comes a case that (4). Moreover, (5). Especially when (6).
Indeed, these unique points can be collected them remind people that (7). In this way, we should behave just like (8).
模块（3）
Currently, XX has been the order of the day. This does demonstrate the theory: nothing is more valuable than XX.
It is clear that (优点1). If you (支持), as a result, your dreams will come true. On the contrary, if you (反对). Failure will be following with you. It turns out that all your plan falls through.
No one can deny another fact that(优点2). You don’t have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (举例). It will exert a profound influence upon (优点3).
With reference to my standpoint, I think (我的观点).
注释：1：XX的第一个优点；2：支持XX的做法；3：不支持XX的做法；4：XX的第二个优点；5：举例证明优点二；6：说明XX优点三的影响。
The importance of self-confidence
Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day. This does demonstrate the theory --- nothing is more valuable than self-confidence.
It is clear that (self-confidence means trust in one's abilities). If you (are full of self-confidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true. On the contrary, if you (have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything). Failure will be following with you. It turns out that all your plan falls through. No one can deny another fact that (self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed). You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (the secret of MMe. Curie lies in self-confidence). It will exert a profound influence upon (the achievement of one's ambitions).
With reference to my standpoint, I think (he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).
模块（4）
For most of us today, (1).
From above, we can find that the reasons why (2) are as follows.
The primary reason, I think, is (3). Second, (4). The third reason, actually, is (5).
The significance for (6). Therefore, (7).
注释：（1）人们针对XX的态度和举措;；（2）归纳现状；（3）第一个原因；（4）第二个原因；（5）第三个原因； （6）重申造成现状的最重要原因；（7）我的建议。
模块（5）
These days we often hear that (1). It is common that (2).
Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing, (3). For another, (4). What is more, since (5), it is natural that (6).
To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. We should do something such as (7) to improve the present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.
注释：（1）提出论题；（2）说明现状；（3）理由一；（4）理由二；（5）理由三；（6）引起的后果；（7）解决方法。
On Students Choosing Lectures
Nowadays, there is a hot debate about whether students should be allowed to have optional choices of their teachers.
A number of factors contribute to students’ decision on choosing teachers. On the one hand, teachers’ personalities play a significant role in this issue, which include a good sense of humor, being easy to communicate with and open-mined. On the other hand, it is likely that opinions from other students have an impact on the decision.
Clearly, there are both advantages and disadvantages as to the view of this matter. For one thing, students enjoy more freedom than before. For another, some top teachers might be ignored if they are not able to meet students’ taste. In general, both students’ and teachers’ rights should be respected.
阐述主题题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述。
1、阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义。2、分析并举例使其更充实。
Practice Makes Perfect
It is well-known to everyone that practice makes perfect. This self-evident proverb means that the more we practice, the more likely we are going to do things perfectly.
Learning English is a good case in point. You must practice listening, speaking, reading and writing so as to acquire the language. Otherwise, you will clean forget about it. Dancing is another example to prove the proverb. You may be amazed at a wonderful dance show. But if you know how much the dancers have spent practicing it, you will not be surprised at the beauty any more. It is through practice that dancers become skillful at it.
A lesson that we can draw from the above examples is obvious. Only through repeated practice can one be good at doing things.
解决方法题型
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
1、问题现状。2、怎样解决（解决方案的优缺点）。
In recent days, we have to face a problem ________ (问题), which is becoming more and more serious. First, ________ (说明问题的现状)．Second, ________ (举例进一步说明现状).
Confronted with ________ (问题), we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ________ (解决方法一). For another ________ (解决方法二). Finally, ________ (解决方法三).
Personally, I believe that ________ (我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________ (带来的好处).
How to Eliminating Cheating on Campus
Nowadays, instead of listening attentively in class and working hard after class, a number of students adopt all kind of dishonest methods to get high scores in exam. It has become such a serious problem that it has aroused the concern from the whole society.
To put such a serious problem to an end, in my mind, calls for the efforts from all sides. First of all, the university authority should make it clear that any cheating behaviors in the exams, from whispering and copying, receiving answers via mobile phones to asking ringers for help, will be severely punished with no exception. Moreover, teachers of all subjects should go all the way to restore honesty by setting an example for the youth through speaking sincerely and behaving truthfully.
Last but not the least, young students, the future of our nation, should view integrity as the prerequisite to an upright and responsible citizen so as to learn to despise and fight dishonest behaviors throughout the life.
How can anybody expect to lead a meaningful life until he is far from any kind of cheating behavior? Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.
说明利弊题型
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）。
1、说明事物现状；2、事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）；3、你对现状（或前景）的看法。
Nowadays many people prefer ________ because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ________ (优点之一). Besides ________ (优点之二).
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ________ (第一个缺点)．To make matters worse, ________ (Ａ的第二个缺点)．
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ________ (我的看法)．
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ________ (对前景的预测)．)